부득이 새로 구해야 하는 신석재들은 산지(産地)를 과학적으로 추정하여 가능하면 그 산지에서 구하고자 했다. 전국의 주요 산지를 조사한 결과, 신석재들은 지광국사탑이 있던 원주에서 채석됐으며, 탑이 조성될 당시에 사용된 석재와 가장 유사한 재질로 구했다.
또한, 유리건판과 실측도면 등을 바탕으로 도상에 대한 연구를 진행하여 결실부분의 도상을 복원하였고, 전통기술과 도구를 사용하여 가공하고 접합하였다.
이외에도 추후 탑이 복원될 때 사용될 무기질 결합재 연구 등에서도 학문적 성과를 도출해냈다.
* 복원석재: 강원도 원주시 귀래면 귀래리 석산에서 채석함
* 도상 연구: 일제강점기의 유리건판과 실측도면 등을 참고하여 복원하는 부분의 도상을 연구함
* 무기질 결합재: 산화마그네슘 인산염 기반 모르타르로 백화현상 등이 발생하지 않는 특성이 있어 원주 현장에서 복원할 때 부재 간 빈 공간을 채우기 위한 용도로 사용할 예정
국립문화재연구소는 이번 보존처리를 통해 전체 29개 부재 중 19개에 대해서는 부분적으로 신석재를 사용했으며, 옥개석과 앙화, 보륜 등 상륜부 부재는 절반 정도를 신석재로 복원하여 구조적 안정성도 확보하였다.
또한, 탑신석 사리공에서 발견된 옥개석 파손부재 조각과 법천사지에서 발굴된 하층 기단갑석 조각을 과학적 조사와 고증을 거쳐 원래 위치에 복원하였고, 1957년 수리 당시 잘못 복원된 옥개석의 방위와 추녀 위치를 바로잡는 등 과학적‧인문학적 융복합 연구를 통해 지광국사탑의 잃어버렸던 본래의 모습을 최대한 되찾으려고 노력했다.
* 앙화(仰花): 탑의 복발(伏鉢) 위에 꽃잎을 위로 향하여 벌려놓은 모양으로 조각한 것
* 보륜(寶輪): 탑의 상륜부에 들어가는 원형 모양의 부재
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| ⓒ hy인산인터넷신문 |
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이번에 발간한 <원주 법천사지 지광국사탑 보존‧복원Ⅲ> 보고서에는 2018년부터 2019년까지 진행된 사업내용과 연구, 복원 과정을 상세히 담았다.
가장 유사한 재질의 신석재를 원주에서 찾아 이를 탑에 끼워 넣는 과정, 장엄 조각과 문양에 대한 연구, 특허기술을 활용해 파손부위에 대한 구조보강 과정 등도 꼼꼼하게 담았다. 보고서는 국립문화재연구소 누리집(http://www.nrich.go.kr, 문화유산연구지식포털)에도 공개하여 누구나 열람할 수 있다.
이후 지광국사탑의 이전 복원에 대해서는 문화재청과 원주시가 긴밀히 협의해 문화재가 잘 보존될 수 있는 방안을 찾을 예정이다.
문화재청 국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터는 이번 원주 법천사지 지광국사탑의 보존처리 완료를 바탕으로 앞으로도 석조문화재의 원형보존과 과학적 보존처리를 위해 지속적으로 노력할 계획이다.
The stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang, restoring the original shape after conservation treatment for 5 years
- Publication of the conservation treatment and research achievements on process by National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage -
The Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center (CHCSC, Director, Jeong Soyoung) in National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage (NRICH) under the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA) of Korea completed the conservation treatment of the stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang for 5 years since 2016. In addition, CHCSC published a report,
and www to the public through the homepage of NRICH and planned the on-line release of the webtoon about information and conservation treatment on cultural heritage related to the stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang
The National treasure no. 101, the stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from Beopcheonsa Temple Site in Wonju was set up in Beopcheonsa Temple, Wonju, Gangwon-do Province, Korea as the stupa for Haerin(海麟, 984-1017), who was a state preceptor in Goryo Dynasty and it has unique structures and splendid carvings, impressive decorations, which makes it considered as the most characterful and splendid stupa in history. However, it went through several adversities including that it has been taken to Osak, Japan in 1912 during the Japanese colonial rule, and damaged by bombing during the Korean war.
From the result of the regular inspection twice (2005, 2010), special comprehensive inspection (2014) and precise diagnosis (2015) on the stupa, various cracks and damaged parts which were restored with mortar in the past were found. Moreover, there was the structural instability of its roof and finial, which raised concern about additional damage, and finally through the deliberations by the cultural heritage committee, it was decided that the stupa needs to be dismantled and the conservation treatment is required.
Accordingly, CHCSC has carried out the complete dismantling in 2016 and conservation treatment for the stupa until recently. During the process, all units were documented for each and mortar was removed. Missing parts were replaced with new stone and damaged parts were joined.
Unavoidably, when new stone was needed for restoration, CHCSC tried to obtain stone from its original production area by scientifically investigating its source as possible as it can. As the result of its investigation on the production area, it was identified that stone used for the stupa was quarried from Wonju, which helped CHCSC choose the most similar stone materials to original ones used when the stupa was built at that time.
Furthermore, based on glass photo materials and drawings of the stupa, the research on its iconography was carried out to restore missing parts, and its units were processed and joined by traditional techniques and tools. And also, academic achievements were attained in the research of inorganic binder which had been used for restoration of the stupa.
NRICH used new stone in part for 19 units among total 29 units during this conservation treatment, and new stone was added for half of the roof and finial, which gave structural stability. Besides, destroyed pieces from the carving of the roof which were found in the hole of its sarira and carvings on the lower stylobate were restored to their original places through scientific and historical research. And CHCSC made great efforts to restore its original shape which was lost in the past through the convergence of research in the field of science and humanities.
The publication of includes the contents of the project, research and restoration process in details up from 2018 to 2019. The process of inserting new stone which is the most similar stone material found from Wonju to the stupa, research on splendid carvings and decorations and structural strengthening for damaged parts by utilizing the patent technology were specifically included as well. The access to this report is available at the homepage of NRICH(https://portal.nrich.go.kr) and www to the public.
Subsequently, the plan of its final location for the stupa will be discussed by CHA and Wonju City to decide its proper place for preserving the stupa as cultural heritage.
Based on this completion of the stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from Beopcheonsa Temple Site in Wonju, CHCSC in National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage under the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea will try to continue its effort for the preservation of original shapes for stone cultural heritage as well as scientific conservation treatment.
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입력 : 2021년 01월 20일
사천시, 어린이 기호식품 조리판매업소 점..
